Journal profile · Immunology
Medical Microbiology and Immunology
ISSN 0300-8584 · eISSN 1432-1831 · Springer Berlin Heidelberg · GERMANY · Quarterly · Founded 1886
Medical Microbiology and Immunology: CAS Zone 2 · Medicine (2025 upgraded edition); impact factor 3.06; hybrid open access; APC about USD 5,090; median 177 days to acceptance (84 articles, last 24 months); community-reported acceptance: moderate; 51 articles in 2025; indexed in SCIE and Scopus.
Scope
Aims, scope and focus
Medical Microbiology and Immunology is published by Springer Berlin Heidelberg and is in Zone 2 of Medicine in the CAS Journal Ranking (2025 upgraded edition). By OpenAlex counts of its recent articles, its largest topics are Mycobacterium research and diagnosis, Escherichia coli research studies and Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments, together about 19.2% of its articles. Its main subfields are Epidemiology. (generated from OpenAlex topic counts and CAS ranking data)
Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. med. Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany Medical Microbiology and Immunology (MMIM) is aiming to improve diagnostics, prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases by publishing studies on host-pathogen interaction. Authors working at the interface of host-pathogen interaction are invited to submit their work. Studies on basic, translational as well as clinical research in infectious diseases and infectious disease immunology lie in the scope of the journal.MMIM´s main focus is to advance the field through the publication of original research work on intrinsic, innate or adaptive immune responses to viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic (protozoan and helminthic) infections, the associated human genetics traits, virulence of the respective infectious pathogens and real world evidence of use of infection control measures, vaccines and anti-infectives. The journal considers manuscripts on the epidemiology of infectious diseases when linked to prophylactic or therapeutic measures, or the emergence and epidemic spread of new or rare pathogens, as well as on novel vaccines, new indications for existing vaccines and medicines, innovative tools for prevention and diagnosis of infectious disease when linked to outbreaks, precision in clinical trials and improvement of outcomes.To emphasize the forward-looking perspective, authors are invited to summarize their findings from a clinical outcome-oriented perspective and in views of new possibilities to exploit findings for the benefit of the patient. Furthermore, the journal does not accept the submission of manuscripts retrospectively summarizing the status quo without original research data providing new insights. This precludes that MMIM does not accept the submission of non-commissioned review articles and epidemiological studies limited to assessing regional epidemiology of infectious disease without a direct link to effectiveness of prophylaxis and therapy. Moreover, the journal offers the possibility to publish research hypotheses with underlying original data that claim new research needs and thereby drive scientific discussion.Founding EditorsRobert Koch and Carl Flügge, 1886
From the journal's Aims & Scope
Research area (LetPub): Immunology
Editor-in-chief Isabelle Bekeredjian-DingPublisher website
Editorial board by country: 1 in mainland China (about 2%); most named Germany 24, Switzerland 4, United States 3, Spain 2, Canada 2 (46 members with a country) Editorial board ↗Publisher website ·
Main research topics OpenAlex counts of recent articles; shares are approximate
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosisMedicine7.5%
- Escherichia coli research studiesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology5.9%
- Herpesvirus Infections and TreatmentsMedicine5.8%
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens researchMedicine5.2%
- Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and TetanusBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology5%
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactionsEnvironmental Science4.3%
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiologyMedicine4.2%
- Microbial infections and disease researchImmunology and Microbiology4.2%
Rankings & indexing
CAS ranking and database indexing
CAS Journal Ranking
CAS Journal Ranking, upgraded edition (March 2025)Medicine Zone 2
| Level | Category | Zone |
|---|---|---|
| Major | Medicine | Zone 2 |
| Minor | Immunology | Zone 2 |
| Minor | Microbiology | Zone 2 |
Top journal: noReview journal: no
CAS Xinrui Journal Ranking (March 2026)Medicine Zone 3
| Level | Category | Zone |
|---|---|---|
| Major | Medicine | Zone 3 |
| Minor | Immunology | Zone 3 |
| Minor | Microbiology | Zone 3 |
Top journal: noReview journal: not marked
CAS Journal Ranking, previous upgraded edition (December 2023)Medicine Zone 3
| Level | Category | Zone |
|---|---|---|
| Major | Medicine | Zone 3 |
| Minor | Immunology | Zone 3 |
| Minor | Microbiology | Zone 3 |
Top journal: noReview journal: no
Database indexing
SCIEScopusLetPub
International journal early-warning lists: not listed in any editionLetPub
Indexing the journal's website claims
MEDLINEEmbaseCASCAB AbstractsCurrent ContentsPublisher website
Other: Google Scholar, EBSCO, ProQuest, Dimensions, CNKI, Baidu, AGRICOLA, Naver, OCLC, Portico, CLOCKSS
As the journal's website lists them, not checked against each database; for Web of Science editions the records above apply.
Editions, and major and minor categories, are shown separately and never merged into one zone; check which edition your institution uses before you submit or report.
Metrics
Impact metrics and publication volume
Impact
- Impact factor
- 3.06LetPub ·
- Impact factor (publisher) 2025
- 3.1Publisher website ·
- 5-year impact factor (publisher) 2025
- 3.9Publisher website ·
- CiteScore 2026-06
- 5.9LetPub ·
- SJR 2026-06
- 0.82LetPub ·
- SNIP 2026-06
- 0.75LetPub ·
- h-index
- 54LetPub ·
- h-index
- 99OpenAlex ·
- i10-index
- 2,088OpenAlex ·
- 2-year mean citedness
- 2.96OpenAlex ·
- Self-citation rate
- 0%LetPub ·
- Share of gold OA articles
- 50.52%LetPub ·
Volume
- Articles per year
- 46LetPub ·
- Downloads per year (publisher) 2025
- 326,000Publisher website ·
Articles by year OpenAlex count · 8,534 in total · the current year is incomplete
| Year | Articles | Open access | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 25 | 16 | 5 |
| 2025 | 51 | 32 | 122 |
| 2024 | 31 | 18 | 190 |
| 2023 | 23 | 13 | 214 |
| 2022 | 35 | 27 | 663 |
| 2021 | 26 | 17 | 778 |
Sources count differently and were observed at different times, so each source's own value is kept; "publisher" marks figures from the journal's website.
Review & acceptance
Review time and acceptance
Review time from article dates manuscript dates registered with Crossref · to
177 daysMedian, submission to acceptance · P25–P75 130 days – 239 days
- Acceptance to online
- median 17 days (84 articles)
- Submission to online
- median 203 days
- Sample
- 84 articles with submission and acceptance dates (86 in the window); the latest was accepted on
Only articles that were accepted and published are counted, not the time spent on rejected manuscripts, so this usually runs longer than a publisher's "time to first decision".
Other sources
- Average review time (community reports)
- about 1 monthLetPub ·
- Average acceptance (community reports)
- ModerateLetPub ·
- Submission to first decision
- 16 daysPublisher website ·
- Peer review
- Double anonymous peer reviewPublisher website
Community reports come from authors' own submissions (confidence 0.5) and are not a promise from the journal; for publisher figures, the journal's own definitions apply.
Fees & open access
APC and open-access policy
Hybrid open accessLetPub
A subscription journal in which authors can pay to publish their article open access.
| Source | APC | Fee waiver | License | Observed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenAlex | USD 5,090 / EUR 3,990 / GBP 3,190 | — | — |
A hybrid journal charges the APC only when the author chooses open access; publishing under the subscription model is usually free.
The journal's website is authoritative for fees; sources were observed at different times and each keeps its own value, without averaging.
Submission
Article types and submission policies (journal website)
What to prepare4 items from the author guidelines
- Abstract
- 150–250 words
- Keywords
- ≥ 4
- Reference style
- Numbered, in order of citation
- Suggested reviewers
- Optional
Article types accepted3
- invited reviews (commissioned reviews)The journal publishes Original Articles, Invited Reviews (commissioned reviews), and Rapid Communications.Length not stated
- original articlesThe journal publishes Original Articles, Invited Reviews (commissioned reviews), and Rapid Communications.Length not stated
- rapid communicationsThe journal publishes Original Articles, Invited Reviews (commissioned reviews), and Rapid Communications.Length not stated
Policy excerpts from the journal's websiteAI use, Authorship, Conflicts of interest, Data availability, Publication ethics, License & copyright, Open access, Plagiarism, Trial registration / reporting guidelines
- AI use Generative AI Images
LLMs do not satisfy authorship criteria; use must be documented in Methods. Model summary
Please check Springer’s policy on generative AI images and make sure your work adheres to the principles described therein. Back to top
Source ↗Publisher website ·- Authorship Authorship principles
These guidelines describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere to. Authorship clarified The Journal and Publisher assume all authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before th…
Source ↗Publisher website ·- Conflicts of interest Disclosures and declarations
Competing interests must be disclosed. Model summary
All authors are requested to include information regarding sources of funding, financial or non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals (as appropriate). The decision whether such …
Source ↗Publisher website ·- Data availability Data availability statements
Data transparency policy. Model summary
All original research must include a data availability statement. This statement should explain how to access data supporting the results and analysis in the article, including links/citations to publicly archived datasets analysed or generated during the study. Please see our full policy here. If it is not possible to share research data publicly, for instance when individual privacy could be com…
Source ↗Publisher website ·- Publication ethics Compliance with Ethical Standards
Commitment to research integrity; COPE member. Model summary
To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved an…
Source ↗Publisher website ·- License & copyright Copyright
Open Choice articles do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In opting for open access, the author(s) agree to publish the article under a Creative Commons license. Details of the OA licences offered to authors can be found on the individual journal website, in the journal's How to publish with us guide. Back to top
Source ↗Publisher website ·- Open access Open access publishing
To find out more about publishing your work Open Access in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, including information on fees, funding and licences, visit our Open access publishing page. Back to top
Source ↗Publisher website ·- Plagiarism
Plagiarism screening software may be used. Model summary
the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism
Source ↗Publisher website ·- Trial registration / reporting guidelines Clinical Trial Registration
The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of a clinical trial is "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes". The WHO defines health interventions as “A health intervention is an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to ass…
Source ↗Publisher website ·
Excerpts are quoted from the journal's website; "model summary" lines are written by Workers AI and checked against the text. The journal's website is authoritative.
Profile
Publication details and official links
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Country or region
- GERMANY
- Language
- English
- Frequency
- Quarterly
- Founded
- 1886
- ISSN
- 0300-8584
- Electronic ISSN
- 1432-1831
- Official links
- Journal homepage ↗OpenAlex
- Submission system ↗Publisher website
- Author guidelines ↗LetPub
- Special issues ↗Publisher website
FAQ
Frequently asked questions about Medical Microbiology and Immunology
What CAS zone is Medical Microbiology and Immunology in?
In the 2025 upgraded edition of the CAS Journal Ranking, Medical Microbiology and Immunology is in Zone 2 of Medicine, and in Zone 2 of the minor category Immunology / Microbiology. In the 2026 Xinrui edition it is in Zone 3 of Medicine. Zones from different editions, and from major and minor categories, are not interchangeable.
What is the impact factor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology?
The latest impact factor listed by LetPub is 3.06; CiteScore 5.9, h-index 99.
How long does peer review take at Medical Microbiology and Immunology?
Based on the dates recorded on 84 articles published between October 2024 and October 2026 (the last 24 months), the median time from submission to acceptance is 177 days (interquartile range 130–239 days); authors report an average review time of about 1 month; the community-reported acceptance is “Moderate”. Article statistics cover accepted papers only, publisher figures follow the journal's own definitions, and community reports come from authors' own submissions; none is a promise from the journal.
What are the manuscript requirements of Medical Microbiology and Immunology?
According to the journal's author guidelines: Abstract: 150–250 words; Keywords: ≥ 4; Reference style: Numbered, in order of citation; Suggested reviewers: Optional. A model extracted these from the author guidelines and each was checked against the text; check the latest version on the journal's website before submitting.
Where are the editorial board members of Medical Microbiology and Immunology based?
Of the 46 board members whose country the journal's board page names, 1 (about 2%) are in mainland China; the countries named most often are Germany (24), Switzerland (4) and United States (3). Counted from the institutions listed on the board page; for reference only.
Which databases index Medical Microbiology and Immunology?
According to LetPub and DOAJ records, Medical Microbiology and Immunology is indexed in SCIE and Scopus. The journal's website also lists MEDLINE, Embase, CAS, CAB Abstracts and Current Contents; that list has not been checked against each database.
Is Medical Microbiology and Immunology open access, and what is the APC?
Medical Microbiology and Immunology is a hybrid journal. For open-access publication: APC about USD 5,090.
Sources and updates
The facts on this page come from LetPub, OpenAlex, Publisher website; every figure is tagged with its source and the date it was observed, and conflicting values are kept per source. LetPub source page: view ↗ (archived 2026-08-26). Last updated: .