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Our vision:TANMIYAT AL-RAFIDAIN (TANRA) journal aspires to become a leading academic reference in the fields of Economics, Business Administration, Accounting, Finance, and Management Information Systems at the global, regional, and local levels.Our mission:TANRA seeks to disseminate new ideas, information, and knowledge in the fields of Economics, Business Administration, Accounting, Finance, and Management Information Systems by supporting a new generation of innovative and creative researchers and writers committed to applying rigorous scientific methodologies.Our goal:TANRA aims to encourage and promote the exchange of international, regional, and local ideas, information, and knowledge through the publication of high-quality research in the fields of Economics, Business Administration, Accounting, Finance, and Management Information Systems. The journal seeks to contribute to building innovative and creative societies, particularly in the Arab world. Accordingly, TANMIYAT AL-RAFIDAIN Journal is expected to play a vital role in bridging the knowledge gap by highlighting best practices and lessons learned, thereby elevating local and regional standards to the global level. Types of PublicationsThe TANRA journal publishes contributions in the following categories: Original Articles. Review Papers. Theoretical or conceptual research. Case Studies. Technical, administrative, and conference reports. Research Topics Covered by TANRATANRA Journal publishes papers in the following areas: Economic Sciences. Administrative and marketing sciences. Accounting, Financial, and Banking Sciences. Production management, operations management, and quality management. Management Information Systems. Management of government institutions and private sector projects.