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AI use must be disclosed if needed. 模型摘要

If you or your co-authors have used Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) tools such as ChatGPT and others based on large language models (LLMs) to develop any portion of a manuscript, their use must be described transparently and in detail in the Methods section. Find more details in Wiley’s AI policy in full in the Best Practices Guidelines on Research Integrity and Publishing Ethics.

All listed authors should have contributed to the manuscript substantially and have agreed to the final submitted version. You can review the Authorship section of Wiley’s Best Practice Guidelines on Research Integrity and Publishing Ethics for Wiley's definition of authorship.

When submitting your manuscript, you must disclose any potential conflicts of interests (also referred to as “competing interests”) that might appear to affect your or your co-authors' ability to present work objectively. Potential conflicts of interest come in many forms and may include financial (for example, patent ownership, stock ownership, research funding, consultancies, or speaker’s fees),…

Data availability statement required at submission. 模型摘要

This journal encourages data sharing. You can learn more about data sharing in Wiley’s Data Sharing Policies resource.

This journal adheres to the ethical standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to uphold integrity in scholarly research and publishing. While COPE previously organized its guidance around “core practices,” these have since been replaced with a topic-based structure to better reflect the evolving needs of the research community. You can learn more about this transition and explore…

Authors may choose to publish under the terms of the journal’s standard copyright agreement or publish open access under the terms of a Creative Commons (CC) license. Standard re-use and licensing rights vary by journal. Note: Some funders require authors to use a particular type of CC license. Please check directly with your funder to determine whether you must publish your article under a specif…

This is a subscription journal that offers an open access publication option. After acceptance, you’ll have the option to make the article open access. If you want to do so, the article will be subject to an Article Publication Charge (APC) unless a waiver applies. Please read more about APCs and whether you may be eligible for waivers or discounts through your institution, your funder, or a count…

Peer review 模型摘要

We follow a double-anonymized peer review model, for applicable article types. Except where otherwise stated, manuscripts are peer reviewed by at least two anonymous reviewers and the Editor-in-Chief. Papers authored by Editors or Editorial Board members of the journal will be handled by Editors unaffiliated with the author or institution and monitored carefully to ensure there is no peer review b…

Preprint policy: accepts preprint submissions; authors must update pre-publication versions with a link to the final published article; posting preprints may compromise anonymity in double-anonymized review. 模型摘要

This journal accepts submissions previously published on preprint servers. You will be asked to update any pre-publication versions with a link to the final published article. You may also post the submitted version of a manuscript to a preprint server at any time. Note: This journal operates a double-anonymized peer review process. Since this journal also encourages posting of preprints, please n…

This journal’s standard copyright agreement allows for self-archiving of different versions of the article under specific conditions. You can learn more by reading Wiley’s self-archiving policy.