Information Services and Use

该期刊要求在提交过程中列出每位作者的贡献，并在提交稿件的致谢部分之后包含作者贡献标题，该信息将在校对阶段显示在作者贡献标题下。 模型中文摘要

You will be asked to list the contribution of each author as part of the submission process. Please include the Author Contributions heading within your submission after the Acknowledgements section. The information you give on submission will then show under the Author Contributions heading later at the proofing stage.

该期刊致力于促进研究的开放性、透明度和可重复性，鼓励作者在符合伦理和法律考虑的前提下，将研究数据分享到相关的公共数据存储库，包含链接到数据的可用性声明，如果无法共享数据，则使用该声明确认原因，并在研究中引用该数据。 模型中文摘要

The Journal is committed to facilitating openness, transparency and reproducibility of research, and has the following research data sharing policy. For more information, including FAQs please visit the Sage Research Data policy pages. Subject to appropriate ethical and legal considerations, authors are encouraged to: Share your research data in a relevant public data repository Include a data ava…

该期刊要求在指定标题下包含伦理批准声明，即使已在方法部分包含伦理批准信息；如果不需要伦理批准，则需明确声明；所有报告涉及人类参与者、人类数据或人体组织的研究的论文必须声明相关伦理委员会或机构审查委员会批准了该研究，或豁免了批准要求，并提供审查委员会的全名和机构以及批准号。 模型中文摘要

Please include your ethics approval statements under this heading, even if you have already included ethics approval information in your methods section. If ethical approval was not required, you need to explicitly state this. All papers reporting studies involving human participants, human data or human tissue must state that the relevant Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board approved th…

该期刊提交或发表无需支付任何费用，Information Services and Use (ISU) 已于2024年转向订阅开放（S2O）模式，2024年1月1日至12月31日期间发表的文章为开放获取，采用CC-BY-NC 4.0许可，且该开放获取模式不收取作者费用或文章处理费（APC）。 模型中文摘要

There are no fees payable to submit or publish in this journal. Information Services and Use (ISU) has transitioned to a Subscribe to Open (S2O) model for 2024, which means that articles published between 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2024 are open access and fully accessible, published under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license. Another benefit is that there are no author fees or article processing charges (A…

该期刊采用单盲同行评审流程，审稿人与编辑互动，不公布审稿信息；稿件将经过初步评估，如不符合指南要求将被退回修改，如超出范围或不适合可能在同行评审前被直接拒稿，通过初步评估后将进行同行评审。 模型中文摘要

The following summary describes the peer review process for this journal: Identity transparency: Single-anonymized Reviewer interacts with: Editor Review information published: None Your manuscript will undergo an initial evaluation. If it does not conform to the requirements laid out in these guidelines, it will be returned to you for amendments prior to peer review. Manuscripts may be desk rejec…

该期刊和Sage非常重视版权侵权、抄袭或其他违反出版最佳实践的问题，并建议作者阅读Sage关于抄袭的完整政策及可能采取的措施。 模型中文摘要

The journal and Sage take issues of copyright infringement, plagiarism or other breaches of best practice in publication very seriously. Please read Sage's complete policy on plagiarism and the actions we may take.

该期刊接受已在预印本服务器上发布的稿件，提交时需在指定字段输入预印本DOI，建议在提交时告知期刊编辑部已发布的预印本，且在同行评审期间不应在预印本服务器上发布更新版本。 模型中文摘要

The journal will consider submissions of manuscripts that have been posted on preprint servers. Please enter the preprint DOI in the designated field when submitting your manuscript. We advise that you inform the Journal Editorial office about your posted preprint at submission. Note that you should not post an updated version of your manuscript on a preprint server while it is being peer reviewed…

该期刊遵循ICMJE要求，临床试验须在首次招募参与者时或之前在WHO认可的公共试验注册处注册；符合AllTrials运动，如迟注册理由可接受，回顾性注册的试验也将被考虑；试验注册处名称、URL和注册号必须包含在摘要末尾。 模型中文摘要

The journal endorses the ICMJE requirement that clinical trials are registered in a WHO-approved public trials registry at or before the time of first participant enrollment. However, consistent with the AllTrials campaign, retrospectively registered trials will be considered if the justification for late registration is acceptable. The trial registry name and URL, and registration number must be …