Information Development

作者署名政策规定AI聊天机器人（如ChatGPT）不得列为作者。 模型中文摘要

Please view our authorship policies, which includes information on criteria for authorship, who should be the corresponding author and more. Please note that AI chatbots, for example ChatGPT, should not be listed as authors. For more information see the policy on Use of ChatGPT and generative AI tools.

期刊鼓励作者在公共数据仓库共享研究数据，并提供数据可用性声明，如无法共享需说明原因。 模型中文摘要

The Journal is committed to facilitating openness, transparency and reproducibility of research, and has the following research data sharing policy. For more information, including FAQs please visit the Sage Research Data policy pages. Subject to appropriate ethical and legal considerations, authors are encouraged to: Share your research data in a relevant public data repository Include a data ava…

涉及人类参与者、人类数据或人体组织的研究必须声明伦理委员会或机构审查委员会的批准或豁免，并提供委员会全名、机构和批准号。 模型中文摘要

Please include your ethics approval statements under this heading, even if you have already included ethics approval information in your methods section. If ethical approval was not required, you need to explicitly state this. All papers reporting studies involving human participants, human data or human tissue must state that the relevant Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board approved th…

向本期刊投稿或发表无需支付任何费用，但可通过Sage Choice计划付费选择开放获取出版。 模型中文摘要

There are no fees payable to submit or publish in this journal. Optional open access publishing is available for a fee via the Sage Choice program, and Open Access agreements, where authors can publish open access either discounted or free of charge depending on the agreement with Sage. Find out if your institution is participating by visiting Open Access Agreements at Sage. Open Access agreement …

该期刊采用双匿名同行评审，稿件先经初步评估，不符合要求的稿件将被退回修改或直接拒稿。 模型中文摘要

The following summary describes the peer review process for this journal: Identity transparency: Double-anonymized Reviewer interacts with: Editor Review information published: None Your manuscript will undergo an initial evaluation. If it does not conform to the requirements laid out in these guidelines, it will be returned to you for amendments prior to peer review. Manuscripts may be desk rejec…

期刊和Sage严肃对待版权侵权、抄袭及其他违反出版最佳实践的行为。 模型中文摘要

The journal and Sage take issues of copyright infringement, plagiarism or other breaches of best practice in publication very seriously. Please read Sage's complete policy on plagiarism and the actions we may take.

期刊接受已在预印本服务器发布的稿件，投稿时需填写预印本DOI，且同行评审期间不应更新预印本版本。 模型中文摘要

The journal will consider submissions of manuscripts that have been posted on preprint servers. Please enter the preprint DOI in the designated field when submitting your manuscript. We advise that you inform the Journal Editorial office about your posted preprint at submission. Note that you should not post an updated version of your manuscript on a preprint server while it is being peer reviewed…